1252--Pope Innocent IV issues the papal bull ad extirpanda which authorizes torture of heretics by the Inquisition.
1536--Anne Boleyn is sentenced to death for treason, adultery and incest.
1618--Johannes Kepler confirms his Third Law of Planetary Motion.
1648--The Peace of Westphalia is signed, ending the Thirty Years War.
1776--The Virginia Convention authorizes its representatives in the Continental Congress to propose a resolution of independence for the colonies.
1905--The Russian minelayer IRNS Amur lays a minefield off Port Arthur, which sinks the Japanese battleship IJNS Hatsuse.
1940--Dutch troops surrender to the German invaders.
1958--The United Kingdom tests its first hydrogen bomb in Operation grapple. The bomb fails.
1958--The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 3.
1960--The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 4.
1963--The United States launches Mercury-Atlas 9 with astronaut Gordon Cooper in the last Mercury Program mission.
1972--The island of Okinawa reverts to local civilian control after being administeres by the United States since 1945.
1988--The Soviet Union begins its withdrawal from Afghanistan.
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